Amanani ePhepha akhuphukayo aqinisa umehluko embonini yokuphrinta

Amanani, ama-Hikes amanani, kanye neminyaka yakamuva yokwanda kwentengo ekusayineni kwezwi, abalingani abaningi abakhulu abakhuluma "ngephepha" empeleni badilikile. Leli wagagasi lentengo lenyuka lingalindeleki kakhulu. Yiziphi izizathu zokwanda kwentengo futhi kuzokhuphuka ikusasa? Umlobi wale ndatshana, Ma Xiaobo, uneminyaka engu-15 yokusebenza embonini yamaphepha. Manje ungumqondisi wezentengiso wawo wonke umuntu ZHIHE (Beijing) Network Technology Co, Ltd. Ake sizwe ukuthi ushoni.

Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2016 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2017, leligagasi lamanani ephepha livuke ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukwanda okusheshayo kwentengo yephepha emakethe kuholele kumaphakathi -}} izinkampani eziphansi azigaye igagasi lentengo lenyuka, kanye nokulandela {- kuze kube sekufikile. Ukuzizwa lokhu kukhuphuka kwamanani ephepha kuyahlanya futhi kungamukeleki. Intengo yephepha lokugcina elihlangelwe ngonyaka ka-2009 - 2010. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhuphuka kwamanani ephepha kwaqhutshwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ngemuva kokunyuswa kwentengo kwezimpahla eziningi ezifana ne-Wood Pulp, ama-Paper Mills kwadingeka aqale amanani akhuphukayo. Kulokhu, izinkampani ezaphansi komfula kukhona okulindelwe ngokwengqondo futhi kulula ukwamukela umphumela wokunyuka kwamanani. Igagasi lokukhuphuka kwamanani ukusuka ekupheleni kuka-2016 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2017 ukuqala ngentengo yephepha eliqediwe kanye nentengo yokhuni olimele ngemuva. Lokhu kubonakala kungukwanda okuhlanya ngamanani entengo emaphepheni maphakathi nezinkampani eziphansi, futhi izinguquko zentengo zivulwa. Ekudidekeni, intengo yephepha yakhuphuka ngemva kwalokho.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaphepha zinamaphuzu entengo ahlukile. Amaphepha aphansi - Ukuphela kwamaphepha okupakisha kwaqalwa kuqala, njengephepha elihlanganisiwe kanye nokuhlaselwa okujwayelekile kwamaphepha we-Kraft, futhi ukuhlaziya kwabo okungokombono osenyakatho kakhulu lapho kungcoliswa khona kanye nokulawulwa kokungcola kwabo kubuthakathaka. Zikhawulelwe ngokuqondile ekukhiqizweni noma zivaliwe.

Kodwa-ke, isidingo samaphepha wokupakisha siyaqhubeka nokukhombisa ukwanda okukhulu ngenxa yomthelela womnotho omusha. Lokhu kuholele ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwentengo yephepha lokupakisha. I-CONTER kanye ngethani lamathani angama-2000 ephepha elihlanganisiwe likhuphuke libe ngaphezulu kwama-5,000 yuan ngethani ngalinye.

I-Papermange ngokwayo ngumkhakha wempahla esindayo. Kuthatha inkambo yesikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kuya ekukhiqizweni kuya ekukhiqizweni kokukhiqizwa kwezinzile. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi we-papermaking aqaliswa cishe ngo-2008, iningi lezinkampani zangaphambi kwezindawo ezifuywayo empeleni zaziyinzuzo ephansi noma zilahlekelwe yimali kusukela ngo-2011. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwaba kukhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa ngokuqondile yiqiniso lokuthi, ngaphezu kwe-Jiangxi Chenming White Cardboard Project, amakhadibhodi amhlophe, iphepha elihlanganisiwe, nephepha le-offset alisekho amandla amasha akhuphukayo eChina eminyakeni yamuva, futhi ukuphuma kwama-SME ngamanye kuyancipha. Kulokhu, isabelo semakethe yezinkampani eziningana ezinkulu zangaphambili eChina sikhule ngokwengeziwe, naphakathi kwamaphepha amaphepha kukhona amandla okudonsa inani lamaphepha aqediwe ngokuqinile.

Ezinsukwini zakamuva, izinkampani eziningi ziye zomisa amanani entengo yamaphepha amasiko nama-White Card Mills. Kodwa-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi isimo samanje ukukhuphuka isimo sisabonakala. Kusukela ekukhuphukeni kwephepha eliqediwe ezifuywayo, inani lentengo yezinkuni liye landa. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, intengo yezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yamazwe angaphandle ngaphezu kwama-30%, okuholela ekwandeni okuqhubekayo kwenani le-pulp yezinkuni elingenisiwe. Ukusuka endaweni ebonakalayo yamanje, okufunwa yimakethe okuphelele akunamandla amakhulu, inani le-pulp lizinzile, intengo ye-pulp nayo ifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme, futhi inani lamaphepha aqediwe angenisiwe aqhubeka ngokwengeziwe. Ngokombono wokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa, akukho okungenzeka ukwanda.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ekuqaleni kuka-2018, amakhadibhodi amhlophe ezifuywayo, iphepha elihlanganisiwe, futhi kabili -, futhi intengo yemakethe ihlushwe phansi noma ukuwa kancane, kepha kuphela ngoba amaphepha amaphepha walezi zinhlobo zamaphepha ayenokulawulwa okungcono. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi intengo iwele kakhulu. Ngokulandelana, umthamo wokukhiqiza wephepha lokupakisha eliphansi - Ukuphela kwephepha lokugcina kunqunyelwe, kanye nokulawulwa kombuso ngokungenisa kwephepha lokungcola kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza kazwelonke kusekwe ngokwengeziwe. Ikakhulu, inhlokodolobha yasekhaya ibandakanyeka emakethe kazwelonke yemfucuza, eyenza amanani entengo aphansi aphansi aphansi - kuphela iphepha lokupakisha. Othintwe yinzuzo ecatshangelwe, imvamisa kanye nokuvama kokushintshashintsha kwamanani kuzokwenyuka, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okubukhali ngentengo yephepha. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi ngonyaka we-2018.

Eqinisweni, ngokombono wokuthuthuka okuphelele kwemakethe yokuphrinta yasekhaya, ngikholwa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamanani ephepha kuyinto enhle. Ngo-2016 nango-2017, intengo yephepha yakhuphuka yaphansi. Yize kubangelwa ubunzima futhi ezinye izinkampani zazingakwazi ukusenza, amabhizinisi asezingeni eliphakeme} empeleni athole amathuba amaningi entuthuko. Lawa mabhizinisi ayenama-oda aqinile webhizinisi, imali eyanele, nokuzijabulisa okungcono. Ukuphepha okuphakelayo kwezokuphepha kanye namanani afanelekayo wokuthenga. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanye amabhizinisi amancane aqinile azolahlekelwa ukuncintisana kwawo ngo-2016 nango-2017. Bazothola ukuthi abananzuzo enqubweni yokushintshashintsha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, noma baphoqeleke ukuthi bahoxe emakethe. Ama-oda angempela adluliswa ezinkampanini zokuphrinta ezisezingeni eliphakeme -. Ukunyuka kwamanani ephepha kukhule ukwahlukaniswa kokwahlukaniswa komkhakha wezokunyathelisa, kanye nomphumela wokusinda kwe-Fittest kukhulunywa kakhulu. Kulindeleke ukuthi unyaka we-2018 naye uzoba unyaka wokuphrinta izinkampani zokuphrinta ukuze ziphinde zivuselele.

Njengoba sonke sazi, ukungcola okubangelwa imboni yamaphepha kubi kakhulu. Lokhu futhi kuyinto ebalulekile ekwandeni kwentengo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngemuva kokuba leligagasi lentengo lenyuka, izindleko zokuvikela imvelo zizothwalwa ngumphakathi wethu wonke, okusho ukuthi intengo yamaphepha alandelayo azobuyela endaweni ephansi emlandweni. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi sizothumela ngombala oluhlaza ngokuzayo. Ephepheni - Ukwenza, ukuphrinta nokupakisha izimboni, izindleko zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zisagaywe ngumphakathi. Lokhu futhi kuyinto enhle.

Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukwehluka kwemboni, kulokhu ukwanda kwamanani ephepheni empeleni kuveze izinkinga ezikhona kulo lonke lokuphrinta kanye nokupakisha imboni embonini. Njengomkhakha wokukhiqiza wendabuko, imboni yokuphrinta ihlobene kakhulu nomnotho wonke. Umkhakha ngamunye udinga ukusekelwa komkhakha wokuphrinta nokupakisha. Ngakho-ke, amathemba emboni yethu yokuphrinta nokupakisha muhle kakhulu, kepha kuphi ngempela ukuqondiswa okuthile? Uma sikhula kuphela embonini yokukhanya kwendabuko, asikwazi ukubona amathemba angcono. Kufanele sihlole izindlela zokwandisa inani, sithuthukise ukusebenza nge-Intanethi, nokuthi singazisebenzisa kanjani izinto eziphakeme - ukwenyusa inani elengeziwe . .

Umkhakha wokunyathelisa ngumkhakha oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kungabandakanya izinto zokwakha nezinqubo futhi kubandakanya izici ezahlukahlukene. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kudingeka siqaphele ukuthi imboni yokuphrinta iya ngokuya ngaphansi kwezinguquko ezifunweni ezansi komfula. Ukuphrinta okwedlule kungaba ngaphezulu kweqhaza lomhlinzeki wohlinzeki wesevisi, kepha njengoba kufunwa umshushimo phansi, sinokuncika okuhle njengoba abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, futhi imakethe idlulela phambili.

Omunye washo ukuthi ushintsho oluthokozisayo olulethwa yile wagagasi lentengo lenyuka yilezwi lezinkampani zokuphrinta kanye nephepha - Ukwenza izinkampani ziyaguquka. I-Papermang iyimboni yempahla enzima kakhulu. Ngokuya ngenhlawulo, isikali, njll., Amabhizinisi amaphepha anezinzuzo eziningi kunezinkampani zokuphrinta. Ngakho-ke, intengo yephepha ikhuphuke noma iwile kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2015, futhi isetshenziswa njengenkulumo yenkampani yokuphrinta ekwehliseni iketanga lezezimboni. Amandla aphansi. Kepha imboni iyashintsha futhi izinkampani ziyashintsha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje sike sabona izinkampani eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zokuphrinta zibalwe kancane kancane, futhi nazo zithole intuthuko engcono ngokufukula amandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani eziningi zokuphrinta manje zinelungelo elithile lokukhuluma. Lokhu kuzobonakala ngokwengeziwe ku-Landela elilandelayo - ukukhula. Ungakunaka kanjani ukuqonda okwengeziwe kwezwi lamabhizinisi aseNdiya nakho kuyindlela ebhekene nezinkampani ezipaka.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2017, iphrinta yaqala ibhizinisi lepuleti lePhepha futhi yaqala ukuhlola ukuthi ingabambisana kanjani nezinkampani zethu ezikhona zangaphambi kwamaphepha, abasabalalisi kanye nezinkampani zokuphrinta. Siyethemba ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi ukwakha amabhuloho ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni. Ezingeni eliphezulu naphansi kwamanani ebheki, izinkampani eziningi zokuphrinta zizothola ukuthi ngenxa ye-asymmetry yolwazi, zinokulinganiselwa kokwahlulela kwezitayela zemakethe, imikhawulo yokuhlinzekwa kwabaphakeli, njll. Siyethemba ukuphrinta. Ikhaya linganikeza ngezinsizakalo zokunikeza izinkampani zokuphrinta futhi kwakha ipulatifomu yokuthengwa kwempahla enikeza ukuthembeka, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nemininingwane yensizakalo yokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zezinkampani zaseNdiya, isinikeza uhla oluphelele lwamakhono wensizakalo esezingeni eliphakeme. Lesi yisiqondisi sethu.